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Haley, president of the International Astronautical Federation and General Counsel of the American Rocket Society, has developed in some detail the principles of "Metalaw" for dealing with intelligent beings who may be encountered on other planets.
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Moreover, the lawyers have forged ahead of the scientists to consider such questions as transactions in space, crime in space, property rights, piracy-indeed all the problems of this planet plus others deemed peculiar to space. It is true that the space lawyers have projected themselves into pretty esoteric realms where there appears to be not only no air, but no cold war, and no generals and admirals to define the national interest.
They are traveling very fast and very high in a circular path, and I want them brought back to earth as soon as possible."
Indeed the legal profession has been so active that a professor of international law was moved to remark, "I am afraid a number of my brethren at the bar are already in orbit. Cooper, will submit its findings and recommendations to the Secretary General of the United Nations, which is already involved in space matters. The latter committee, under the chairmanship of John C. The American Bar Association has set up a Committee on Space Law and the International Astronautical Federation has appointed a committee of four physicists and three lawyers to draft a definition of air space and to recommend a rule delimiting air-space jurisdiction. More recently the Soviet press has been silent on questions of space law in other countries, however, the legal profession has been prolific on the subject.
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The second proposition was directed to a central series of questions now in sharp debate: Should sovereignty extend to outer space? Where does space begin? Can the frontier of space be clearly demarcated? The striking thing about this Soviet article is that it drew the limit of sovereignty about three times nearer the earth than any Western student of the problem has proposed, at a distance well within the atmosphere and within the range of rocket airplanes. Nevertheless, it drew attention to the fact that space is a realm apart, subject to natural laws of its own but, so far, beyond the reach of man-made laws. The first must have been offered facetiously since sputnik was moving at some 18,000 miles an hour and would have passed over many countries even if the earth did not rotate. Within these two brief propositions are compressed some of the most perplexing problems of the approaching space age. The Soviet authority went on to suggest that the outer atmosphere, like the open seas, belongs to no one and that freedom of circulation above 15 or 18 miles should be permitted by international law. "This piece of applied relativity," as The Economist called it, was supplemented with a more serious proposal. No violation occurred, wrote a Soviet legal expert, because in reality sputnik did not pass over other countries rather, countries passed under sputnik as the earth rotated. HARDLY was Sputnik I in orbit last October when the Russians were ready to meet objections that their first artificial satellite infringed on the sovereignty of other nations.
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